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Pimicikamak government
Pimicikamak is an indigenous people in Canada. Pimicikamak is related to, but constitutionally, legally, historically and administratively distinct from, the Cross Lake First Nation which is a statutory creation that provides services on behalf of the Canadian Government. Pimicikamak government is based on self-determination and has a unique form.〔Galit A. Sarfaty, "International Norm Diffusion in the Pimicikamak Cree Nation: A Model of Legal Mediation", (2007) 48 ''Harvard International Law Journal'' 441, at p. 443, http://www.harvardilj.org/attach.php?id=125, accessed 15 August 2008.〕
== Traditional government ==
A modern Pimicikamak leader is quoted as saying: "Our ancestors governed themselves in our territory since time immemorial. Pimicikamak did not have rulers. It had leaders. Leadership was based on consensus and especially upon respect that was earned."〔John Miswagon, "A Government of our Own", Frontier Centre for Public Policy, 21 April 2005, http://www.fcpp.org/main/publication_detail.php?PubID=1043, accessed 24 September 2008.〕 Oral history told by Pimicikamak elders says that traditional government under customary law (Pimicikamāk okimākānak) was consensual, like other Cree governments.〔Victor P. Lytwyn, ''Muskekowuck Athiniwuck: Original People of the Great Swampy Land'', University of Manitoba Press, Winnipeg (2002), p. 23.〕 Customary law is well-recognized in the jurisprudence of the U.S.,〔"() laws, customs and usages" of the Chickasaw Nation "governed all property belonging to anyone domesticated and living with them." ''Jones v. Lancy'', 2 Tex. 342 (1844); cited in ''Felix. S. Cohen's Handbook of Federal Indian Law'', University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque (1958).〕 U.K.〔In ''R. v Secretary of State For Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs'', () 2 All E.R. 118, Lord Denning said "These customary laws are not written down. They are handed down by tradition from one generation to another. Yet beyond doubt they are well established and have the force of law within the community."〕 and Canada.〔''Campbell v. British Columbia'', 2000 BCSC 1123, citing Lord Denning, the Court said "such rules, whether they result from custom, tradition, agreement, or some other decision making process, are 'laws' in the Dicey constitutional sense."〕 Pimicikamak leaders were respected persons, possibly of the Midewiwin society.〔For example, see Louis Bird, "Swampy Cree Stories", http://www.uwinnipeg.ca/academic/ic/rupert/bird/story.html, accessed 6 September 2008.〕 "A leader held his position as long as he had the respect of the people."〔Sharon Venne, "Understanding Treaty 6: An Indigenous Perspective", in ''Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in Canada'', Michael Asch, ed., University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver (1997).〕 As well, oral history says that Elders (the Council of Fire) and women played distinct roles in governance.
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